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Objective:To evaluate the post-marketing safety and immunogenicity of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23).Methods:From September 2020 to June 2021, a clinical trial of single-dose PPV23 was conducted in people ≥3 years old in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou, Hunan and Fujian provinces. Blood samples were collects from the subjects before and 30 d after vaccination. ELISA was used to quantitatively detect IgG antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in serum samples. The adverse events (AEs) were monitored within 7 d after vaccination. Results:A total of 409 subjects were enrolled and included in safety analysis. Except for one with antibody level inversion, the other 408 participants were included in immunogenicity analysis. The levels of antibodies against the 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes were all increased after vaccination by an average of 4.24 folds. The two-fold growth rates of the antibodies ranged from 51.72% to 96.81% with a total two-fold growth rate of 78.59%. The overall rate of AEs was 27.14% (111/409). Local AEs were mainly pain, induration, redness and swollen. No serious adverse events related to vaccination occurred. Conclusions:This study preliminarily demonstrated the good immunogenicity and safety of PPV23 vaccine.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in Fujian province.Methods Based on the hepatitis B immunization strategy of China,a cohort study was designed,involving the population in Fujian province.The population under study was divided into natural exposure birth cohort before 1992 and the immunization birth cohort after 1992 (including voluntary vaccination cohort and standardized vaccination cohort).By cleaning the database of hepatitis B cases which directly reported through network and looked into the incidence and related death outcomes of acute hepatitis B from 2004 to 2017,the incidence levels of hepatitis B and immunization effects were analyzed and evaluated among different birth cohorts.Results During the observation period,the overall prevalence of hepatitis B in Fujian province was 44.594 per 100 000,with mortality rate as 0.010 per 100 000.The incidence of natural exposure cohort of birth was 56.885 per 100 000.The incidence of voluntary vaccination cohort of birth was 14.502 per 100 000.Compared with the voluntary vaccination cohort,the risk of hepatitis B increased significantly in the natural exposed cohort (RR=3.923),and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000 7),with attributable risk as 42.383 per 100 000.The attributable risk ratio was 74.507.The population attributable risk ratio was 70.967％.The population attributable risk was 35.448 per 100 000.The attributable rate in standardized vaccination cohorts born after 2002 was 2.336 per 100 000.Compared with the cohorts bom before 1992,the RR was 24.347 (P=0.000 0),the attributable risk was 54.549 per 100 000,and the attributable risk ratio was 95.893％,the population attributable risk ratio was 95.300％,the population attributable risk was 47.371 per 100 000,comparing to the natural exposed population.Conclusions The effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization program had been remarkable in Fujian province since 1992.However,further studies on the persistency of hepatitis B vaccine immunization and its public health significance still needed to be carried out.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in Fujian province.Methods Based on the hepatitis B immunization strategy of China,a cohort study was designed,involving the population in Fujian province.The population under study was divided into natural exposure birth cohort before 1992 and the immunization birth cohort after 1992 (including voluntary vaccination cohort and standardized vaccination cohort).By cleaning the database of hepatitis B cases which directly reported through network and looked into the incidence and related death outcomes of acute hepatitis B from 2004 to 2017,the incidence levels of hepatitis B and immunization effects were analyzed and evaluated among different birth cohorts.Results During the observation period,the overall prevalence of hepatitis B in Fujian province was 44.594 per 100 000,with mortality rate as 0.010 per 100 000.The incidence of natural exposure cohort of birth was 56.885 per 100 000.The incidence of voluntary vaccination cohort of birth was 14.502 per 100 000.Compared with the voluntary vaccination cohort,the risk of hepatitis B increased significantly in the natural exposed cohort (RR=3.923),and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000 7),with attributable risk as 42.383 per 100 000.The attributable risk ratio was 74.507.The population attributable risk ratio was 70.967％.The population attributable risk was 35.448 per 100 000.The attributable rate in standardized vaccination cohorts born after 2002 was 2.336 per 100 000.Compared with the cohorts bom before 1992,the RR was 24.347 (P=0.000 0),the attributable risk was 54.549 per 100 000,and the attributable risk ratio was 95.893％,the population attributable risk ratio was 95.300％,the population attributable risk was 47.371 per 100 000,comparing to the natural exposed population.Conclusions The effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization program had been remarkable in Fujian province since 1992.However,further studies on the persistency of hepatitis B vaccine immunization and its public health significance still needed to be carried out.
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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of liver X receptor ( LXR ) agonist on expression of fatty acid synthase( FAS) in diabetic kidney. Methods In the part of in vivo study, immunostaining was used to detect the FAS protein expression in kidney. 16-week-old male db/db mice on C57BL/6 background were administered via gavage a LXR synthetic agonist, TO901317, at a dose of 3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 or vehicle ( 0. 5%Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium, CMC-Na) alone for 7 d;Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of FAS and SREBP-1. In the part of in vitro study, MCT cell(a mouse murine proximal tubule cell line)was treated with 10μmol/L TO901317 for 24 h or transfected with active SREBP-1c expression vector (SREBP-1cN). HEK293 cells(a human renal tubule cell line)were transfected with mFAS-(1. 7 kb)-luc, LXR expression vector or SREBP-1cN for 12 h. Quantitative RT-PCR and luciferase reproter assay were utilized to examine FAS mRNA level and FAS promoter activity. Results FAS was abundantly expressed in renal cortex, with low expresson in renal glomeruli. The mRNA and protein expressious of FAS in kidney of db/db mice were lowered compared with db/m mice. TO90137 treatment increased FAS mRNA expression by 1. 3-fold. TO901317 increased expression of SREBP-1 in kidneys of db/m and db/db mice by 5. 1-fold and 17-fold, respectively. TO901317 and overexpression of SREBP-1c increased expression of FAS in MCT cells by 1. 5-fold and 1. 8-fold. Transcription activity of FAS were induced by TO901317, LXR, and SREBP-1cN overexpressions in HEK293 cells. Conclusions Both direct(LXRE)and indirect(SREBP-1c)mechanisms may contribute to the up-regulation of FAS expression by LXR in renal proximal tubule cells.